respiratory diseasesSigns and Symptoms
Blood in Sputum, Hemoptysis, Causes, Investigations and Treatment
HEMOPTYSIS (Blood in Sputum)

Causes of Hemoptysis (Blood in Sputum)-
1. Blood From airways in>
- Bronchitis
- Bronchiectasis
- Bronchial adenoma
- Bronchogenic carcinoma
2. From pulmonary vasculature
- Mitral stenosis
- Pulmonary infarction
- Left ventricular failure
- A-V malformation
3. From pulmonary parenchyma
- Pneumonia
- Bleeding disorders
- Autoimmune diseases e.g. Goodpasture’s syndrome and Wegner’s syndrome
4. Massive hemoptysis: more than 200-600 ml of blood in 24 hours. Occurs in bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction.
What Investigations should be done in a suspected case of hemoptysis
- X-ray chest: for tuberculosis, bronchogenic carcinoma, pulmonary infarction.
- Blood CP & Platelets: to look for haemoglobin level and platelet count; as thrombocytopenia can also cause hemoptysis.
- Bleeding time, clotting time & prothrombin time
- Bronchoscopy: in high-risk persons for carcinoma of the lung such as chronic smokers.
- High-resolution CT: to diagnose bronchiectasis and arterio-venous malformations.
DIAGNOSIS OF HEMOPYTISIS (blood in Sputum) AND HEMATEMESIS (Blood in vomiting)
Hemoptysis | Hematemesis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treatment Of Hemoptysis (blood in Sputum)
1. Treatment of the cause2. Resuscitation
- The airway must be protected, ventilation ensured.
- Circulation is maintained with blood or plasma expanders.
- uncontrolled bleeding needs flexible or rigid bronchoscopy and surgical consultation.
4. Angiography to localize the site of bleeding and to embolize the source (bronchial artery) that is effective in 85% of cases.
5. Symptomatic management Reassurance
6. Sedation with Tab. Diazepam (Valium) 5mg to reduce fear.
7. Antibiotics to prevent secondary infection Clotting agent e.g. Tranexamic acid (Transamin) - Caps 250mg / 500mg 3-4 times daily Inj. 250mg 2-4 amps daily IV or IM.
No comments:
Post a Comment
Post Your Reply and Give Your Opinion About the Post