MedicoTips.Com

Breast cancer is the world’s number one cancer that affects women. The two major risk factors for breast cancer are female sex and older age. Those women who are genetically predisposed may get breast cancer in earlier ages, that is 30-40 years. But breast cancer after menopause can merely be a disease of ageing only. So every woman has a great threat of breast cancer and is present all the time. Breast cancer, if diagnosed earlier is completely curable. Surgery, chemo, and radiotherapy have proven 100% results. But all this only work if you caught your cancer early. Do You Know? Pink ribbon is used to represent breast cancer. It is a symbol of breast of cancer and pink is the color that represents breast cancer. Which country has highest risk of breast cancer in Asia? Click here Today the purpose of writing this article is to educate all the women, especially those who belong to developing countries, about the prevention and protection of themselves against breast cancer. I high...

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer of women all over the world. But in Asia, Pakistan is the country that has the highest incident of breast cancer according to 2014 statistics. According to a study that is done by the doctors of Agha Khan Hospital Karachi, every one out of 9 women has breast cancer in Pakistan. This is the highest in Asia. In Capital Hospital Islamabad, during a weekly academic conference, Dr Naeem Taj, the head of the surgical department, told the audience that breast cancer has high mortality and morbidity in Pakistan because in here, it is diagnosed in late stages. Most of the patients we receive in our general OPD usually have Grade III or Grade IV disease. The main reason for the late presentation is poverty, lack of facilities, illiteracy, lack of information, lack of interest of the government in the health sector and women’s shyness. For example, if a woman has a lump and present to a secondary level hospital that doesn’t have the facility of breast c...

Rabies is a deadly disease. Once a patient gets Rabies, his cure become nearly impossible. So precautionary measures should be adopted to prevent Rabies. So you should know the names all those animals that can transmit rabies and whenever you receive a bite from any of those animals then you should rush for immediate prophylaxis that is provided in the form of vaccination. There are only few patients known, who survived rabies. When signs and symptoms of Rabies appear, then Milwaukee protocol is the only hope of survival remains. Let’s now explain the signs and symptoms of rabies. The signs and symptoms of rabies appear within two weeks after bite. But appearance of signs and symptoms greatly depend upon the location of bite. For example, bite on leg will produce symptoms latter as compared to bite that has occurred in face or head and it also depends on the number of viruses that have introduced into the wound and categories of wound . Therefore, sometimes the signs symptoms don...

When Rabid dog or any other animal that can transmit rabies bites the management depends on the category of the wound.  A rabid animal bite is categorized into three categories depending on the depth and tissues involved. The deeper the wound is, the more dangerous it will be. Wounds categorization for a rabid animal bite. Category I wound. Category I wounds are not wounds actually. Because in these, the skin remains intact. If a rabid animal, feed on your hand or licks your skin, but there shouldn’t be any abrasion, or breakage of the integrity of skin epithelium then there is no risk of transmission of rabies. In this case, no vaccination is needed, only reassurance of the doubter is enough. Category II Wounds. Category II (two) wounds carry the moderate risk of transmission of rabies. If a rabid animal licks an uncovered area of skin, like some previous wound or abrasion or you have got a minor scratch or abrasion from an animal that can transmit rabies in such a way that no ...

Animals that do and don’t transmit Rabies Rabies is a fatal disease and the cause of transmission of this disease is dog-bite in 96 per cent of cases. Several organisms other than a dog can also transmit Rabies and certain animals that are mistakenly known to be a cause of transmission of rabies but in fact, they are not, for example, Usually, it is thought that rat bite can also transmit rabies. But it is not true, rat bite doesn’t transmit disease. Following is the list of those animals that can transmit rabies to humans when they bite. Dog, dog-bite is found to be the cause of transmission of rabies in 96% of cases. Other organisms that may transmit rabies include; Bat Wolf Monkey Fox Cat Mongoose Mule Horse and Buffalo Now if any person is bitten by any of the above organisms, then prophylactic measures to prevent rabies should be started as soon as possible. Rabies is a fatal disease once its sign and symptoms appear, then nothing can be done and the person ultimatel...

The breast secrets Colostrum for the first few days after delivery, which is yellow in colour and thicker than milk. Although it is in a small amount, but is enough for a normal baby and is exactly what a baby needs for the first few days. It contains more antibodies and more WBC than the Later milk. It gives the first immunization to protect the baby from bacteria and viruses. It is rich in growth factor which stimulates a baby immature intestine to develop. The growth factors prepare the baby intestine to digest and absorb milk and to prevent the absorption of undigested protein. Colostrum is laxative and helps the baby to pass meconium. this help to prevent jaundice. So the communities avoiding colostrum need to be educated regarding these benefits

Health care wastes ¨   Health care waste is a term used for all wastes arising from health care establishment. ¨   Studies shows that in Pakistan in large hospitals 0.5-2 kg of waste is generated per bed per day. Out of this 0.1-0.5 kg can be categorized as biomedical risk waste. ¨   Biomedical wastes need clear management if not it may lead to injury by contaminated sharps and infection with hep-B, C and HIV Types of wastes ¨   Hospital wastes can be classified into two main groups. ¨   Risky and non-risky waste Risky.                                   Infectious                       Pathological                 ...

Health System In Pakistan The Delivery of health care is done under four major sectors   1. Public sector   2. Private sector   3. Indigenous health system   4. Voluntary health agencies Public Sector ¨   Starting from lower level these are. •           BHU,RHC,s •           Tehsil headquarter •           District Headquarter •           Tertiary or teaching hospitals •           Some centres functioning are       - leprosy centre       - TB hospital       - maternity homes       - children Hospitals Private Sector: Different private Hospitals like         - RMI in Peshawar      ...

Primary Health Care ¨   It is the essential health care ¨   Based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and a country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-determination. ¨   It is also called Al Mata declaration. Because the declaration came at Al Mata, a city of Kazakhstan,  in 1978  following an international conference. Concepts Of PHC •           PHC is for all, especially for the needy, so regardless of economic status every individuals should have access to good health care •           Service should be acceptable to the community and there must be active enrollment of the community. •        ...