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During a teaching session, Dr Siddique Akbar Satti, Head department of medicine, Capital hospital Islamabad, explained in detail the ultrasonic picture of liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. The 65 year old patient under examination was diagnosed of chronic Hepatitis C 5 years ago. At the time of diagnosis patient already had developed signs of decompensating chronic liver disease. He went through multiple sessions of ascitic tap and supportive therapy in the past 3 years. At the time of this ultrasonic scan, patient presented with complaints of abdominal distension, swelling of both legs and feet and bluish patches all over the extensor surfaces of upper limbs. Patient was also having intermittent episodes of drowsiness and confusion. He had lost significant weight in the past 6 months, was anorexic and feeling constant dull ache in right hypochondrium. All these symptoms suggest decompensated liver disease and liver cirrhosis. Worldwide, 25% cases of Hep C associated cirrh...

Unwanted hair is one of the biggest problems that a woman faces. These hair are especially troublesome when present on face and neck. Such woman tries different painful methods like waxing, threading and shaving. These methods are time-consuming,un-natural and extremely painful. Sometimes these procedures may produce rashes or blisters on the skin. Many women choose these procedures because these are less expensive and can be done by anyone at home. Laser hair removal is very popular nowadays. It is easy to carry out, has fewer side effects, has the ability to remove the hair permanently but is expensive, needs the help of an expert and you have to follow some instructions and adapt some precautions. Laser hair removal is safe. One can remove facial hair within 2-3 minutes and completely get rid of them after only 3-4 sittings. But some time laser hair removal may cause some serious side effects, especially when this technique is done by a non-medical practitioner, a quack or an as...

Erect abdominal X-ray is usually ordered to rule out intestinal obstruction or perforation. In erect abdominal X-Ray, intestinal obstruction shows dilated intestinal loops and air-fluid levels. The patient who has got intestinal obstruction usually presents in the emergency department of hospital complaining of; severe colicky abdominal pain and distension, vomiting, absolute constipation along with a history of a predisposing factor or a cause. For example; The most common cause of small bowel obstruction is post-surgical or post-infection adhesions. The most common surgical procedure that may lead to small intestine obstruction are; appendectomy, surgery involving colon, intestine, rectum, uterus, cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes and other intraperitoneal structures. The other causes are hernias, intussusception, volvulus, gallstones, foreign bodies and inflammatory diseases, etc. On the other hand, intestinal perforation presents with signs of peritonitis, severe abdominal pain...