MedicoTips.Com

Neural crest cells are present in the early embryonic period. The neural crest cells are the primitive cells and they, later on, develop into more specialized structures. Following are the derivatives of neural crest cells. 1. Connective tissue and bones of the face and skull 2. Cranial nerve ganglia 3. Cells of the thyroid gland 4. Conotruncal septum in the heart 5. Odontoblasts 6. Dermis in the face and neck 7. Spinal ganglia ( also known as dorsal root ganglia) 8. Sympathetic chain and preaortic ganglia 9. Parasympathetic ganglia of the gastrointestinal tract 10. Adrenal medulla 11. Schwann cells 12. Glial cells 13. Meninges of the forebrain 14. Melanocytes 15. Smooth muscle cells to the blood vessels of the face and forebrain. If you are practising for a medical examination, for example, USMLE, or PLAB, then you should memorize these because you will get an MCQ about this.

In this brief post, we will discuss some development horizons during fetal life events. These developmental horizons help us to determine how optimum the intra-uterine growth and development of the fetus is in relation to its age. Length of the fetus and uterine fundus height determine the adequacy of the physical growth of the baby, but there are few other parameters which help us to have an idea of neuronal growth and development of the baby. These parameters include; an appearance of taste buds, initiation of swallowing and respiratory movements, Sucking movements, Response to the sound, Sensitivity of eyes to light. So the physical growth of the baby should lie in parallel to the neuronal growth of the fetus. For example, the fetus starts swallowing movements as early as 10 weeks of age. So if fetal length corresponds to the age of 10 weeks then swallowing movements should also be present at that time. Similarly, other parameters are listed below; The appearance of tas...

In this presentation following topics are discussed 1. Weeks 3-8 Embryonic Period 2. Gastrulation 3. Major derivatives of embryonic germ layers. 4. Notochord formation 5. Neurulation 6. Divisions of Mesodermal Lateral Plate 7. Qur'an Reference This lecture was delivered by Dr Tayyab Saeed Akhtar at Foreign Students Academy Rawalpindi Pakistan.